rewrite init to restart failed processes, add file renaming, directory creation, directory renaming, directory removal, add process killing, unify shells, readme changes.

code/init/init.c

@@ -53,23 +53,37 @@ void _start(const char* args)
     uint32_t h = 0;
     uint32_t s = 0;
 
-    SysDebugPrint("[init] starting\n");
-    s = SysCreateProcess(args, &h, NULL);
-    if (s != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
-        SysDebugPrint("[init] FATAL: failed to start!\n");
-        char buffer[12];
-        itoa(s, buffer);
-        SysDebugPrint(buffer); SysDebugPrint("\n");
-        SysExitProcess(1);
+    for (;;) {
+        SysDebugPrint("[init] starting\n");
+        s = SysCreateProcess(args, &h, NULL);
+        if (s != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+            SysDebugPrint("[init] FATAL: failed to start!\n");
+            char buffer[12];
+            itoa(s, buffer);
+            SysDebugPrint(buffer);
+            SysDebugPrint("\n");
+            SysExitProcess(1);
+        }
+
+        SysDebugPrint("[init] waiting\n");
+        s = SysWaitForProcess(h);
+        if (s != STATUS_SUCCESS)
+            SysDebugPrint("[init] WARNING: SysWaitForProcess returned error\n");
+
+        int exitCode = 0;
+        if (SysGetProcessExitCode(h, &exitCode) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+            SysDebugPrint("[init] WARNING: failed to read exit code\n");
+            exitCode = 1;
+        }
+
+        SysCloseHandle(h);
+
+        if (exitCode == 0)
+            break;
+
+        SysDebugPrint("[init] child crashed, restarting\n");
     }
- 
-    SysDebugPrint("[init] waiting\n");
-    s = SysWaitForProcess(h);
-    if (s != STATUS_SUCCESS)
-        SysDebugPrint("[init] WARNING: SysWaitForProcess returned error\n");
-    SysCloseHandle(h);
 
     SysDebugPrint("[init] done\n");
-
     SysExitProcess(0);
 }

code/kernel/io_file.c

@@ -289,6 +289,48 @@ __declspec(dllexport) KSTATUS IoDeleteFile(const char* path) {
     return fs->Delete(fs, relPath);
 }
 
+__declspec(dllexport) KSTATUS IoRenameFile(const char* oldPath, const char* newPath) {
+    if (!oldPath || !newPath) return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+
+    char oldRel[CWD_MAX];
+    char newRel[CWD_MAX];
+    uint8_t oldDrive = ResolvePath(oldPath, oldRel, sizeof(oldRel));
+    uint8_t newDrive = ResolvePath(newPath, newRel, sizeof(newRel));
+    if (oldDrive != newDrive) return STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+
+    IO_FILESYSTEM* fs = gVolumes[oldDrive].Fs;
+    if (!fs)          return STATUS_NOT_FOUND;
+    if (!fs->Rename)  return STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+
+    return fs->Rename(fs, oldRel, newRel);
+}
+
+__declspec(dllexport) KSTATUS IoCreateDir(const char* path) {
+    if (!path) return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+
+    char relPath[CWD_MAX];
+    uint8_t drive = ResolvePath(path, relPath, sizeof(relPath));
+
+    IO_FILESYSTEM* fs = gVolumes[drive].Fs;
+    if (!fs)           return STATUS_NOT_FOUND;
+    if (!fs->CreateDir) return STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+
+    return fs->CreateDir(fs, relPath);
+}
+
+__declspec(dllexport) KSTATUS IoRemoveDir(const char* path) {
+    if (!path) return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+
+    char relPath[CWD_MAX];
+    uint8_t drive = ResolvePath(path, relPath, sizeof(relPath));
+
+    IO_FILESYSTEM* fs = gVolumes[drive].Fs;
+    if (!fs)           return STATUS_NOT_FOUND;
+    if (!fs->RemoveDir) return STATUS_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+
+    return fs->RemoveDir(fs, relPath);
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // IoTruncateFile - resize the file; updates the cached Size on success
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

code/kernel/io_file.h

@@ -45,6 +45,14 @@ typedef struct IO_FILESYSTEM {
     // Delete the file at 'path'.
     KSTATUS (*Delete)(struct IO_FILESYSTEM* fs, const char* path);
 
+    // Rename or move a file/directory within the same filesystem.
+    KSTATUS (*Rename)(struct IO_FILESYSTEM* fs,
+                      const char* oldPath, const char* newPath);
+
+    // Create or remove directories.
+    KSTATUS (*CreateDir)(struct IO_FILESYSTEM* fs, const char* path);
+    KSTATUS (*RemoveDir)(struct IO_FILESYSTEM* fs, const char* path);
+
     // Truncate or extend the file to exactly 'newSize' bytes.
     KSTATUS (*Truncate)(struct IO_FILESYSTEM* fs, void* fileCtx,
                         uint64_t newSize);
@@ -119,6 +127,9 @@ __declspec(dllexport) KSTATUS  IoWriteFile  (FILE_OBJECT* file, const void* buf,
                                              size_t size, size_t* bytesWritten);
 __declspec(dllexport) KSTATUS  IoCreateFile (const char* path, FILE_OBJECT** out);
 __declspec(dllexport) KSTATUS  IoDeleteFile (const char* path);
+__declspec(dllexport) KSTATUS  IoRenameFile (const char* oldPath, const char* newPath);
+__declspec(dllexport) KSTATUS  IoCreateDir  (const char* path);
+__declspec(dllexport) KSTATUS  IoRemoveDir  (const char* path);
 __declspec(dllexport) KSTATUS  IoTruncateFile(FILE_OBJECT* file, uint64_t newSize);
 __declspec(dllexport) KSTATUS  IoSeekFile(FILE_OBJECT* file, uint64_t offset);
 __declspec(dllexport) uint64_t IoGetFileSize(FILE_OBJECT* file);

code/kernel/ke_process.c

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ static void ProcessInit(void) {
 }
 
 LIST_ENTRY* KeGetProcessList(void) {
+    ProcessInit();
     return &gProcessList;
 }
 
@@ -36,6 +37,21 @@ PROCESS* KeGetCurrentProcess(void) {
     return NULL;
 }
 
+size_t KeCopyProcessIds(uint32_t* pidsOut, size_t maxCount) {
+    ProcessInit();
+
+    uintptr_t flags = KeAcquireSpinlock(&gProcessListLock);
+    size_t count = 0;
+    LIST_ENTRY* head = &gProcessList;
+    for (LIST_ENTRY* node = head->Fwd; node != head; node = node->Fwd) {
+        PROCESS* p = CONTAINING_RECORD(node, PROCESS, GlobalLink);
+        if (pidsOut && count < maxCount) pidsOut[count] = p->ProcessId;
+        count++;
+    }
+    KeReleaseSpinlock(&gProcessListLock, flags);
+    return count;
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Destructor (called by ObDereferenceObject when RefCount hits zero)
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -206,6 +222,7 @@ OBJECT* KeLookupHandle(PROCESS* process, uint32_t handle) {
 }
 
 PROCESS* KeGetProcessById(uint32_t pid) {
+    ProcessInit();
     uintptr_t flags = KeAcquireSpinlock(&gProcessListLock);
     LIST_ENTRY* head = &gProcessList;
     LIST_ENTRY* node = head->Fwd;

code/kernel/ke_process.h

@@ -77,5 +77,7 @@ OBJECT* KeLookupHandle(PROCESS* process, uint32_t handle);
 /* Return the global process list head (kernel-internal). */
 LIST_ENTRY* KeGetProcessList(void);
 PROCESS*    KeGetCurrentProcess(void);
+/* Copy a snapshot of process IDs into caller-provided storage. */
+size_t      KeCopyProcessIds(uint32_t* pidsOut, size_t maxCount);
 /* Find a live process by its ProcessId. Bumps refcount; caller must ObDereferenceObject. */
 PROCESS*    KeGetProcessById(uint32_t pid);

code/kernel/ke_syscall.c

@@ -1177,6 +1177,72 @@ static uint64_t SyscallNamedQueueOwnerPid(uint64_t a0, uint64_t a1, uint64_t a2,
     return STATUS_NOT_FOUND;
 }
 
+static uint64_t SyscallKillProcess(uint64_t a0, uint64_t a1, uint64_t a2,
+                                    uint64_t a3, uint64_t a4, uint64_t a5) {
+    (void)a2; (void)a3; (void)a4; (void)a5;
+    PROCESS* proc = KeGetProcessById((uint32_t)a0);
+    if (!proc) return STATUS_NOT_FOUND;
+    THREAD* self = KeGetCurrentThread();
+    int exitCode = (int)a1;
+    if (self && self->Owner == proc) {
+        KeExitProcess(proc, exitCode);
+        ObDereferenceObject(&proc->Header);
+        KeExitThread(self, exitCode);
+        while (true) ;
+    }
+    KeExitProcess(proc, exitCode);
+    ObDereferenceObject(&proc->Header);
+    return STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SYS_GET_PROCESS_LIST (65)  a0=*pidsOut a1=maxCount a2=*countOut
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static uint64_t SyscallGetProcessList(uint64_t a0, uint64_t a1, uint64_t a2,
+                                       uint64_t a3, uint64_t a4, uint64_t a5) {
+    (void)a3; (void)a4; (void)a5;
+    uint32_t* pidsOut = (uint32_t*)(uintptr_t)a0;
+    size_t maxCount = (size_t)a1;
+    size_t* countOut = (size_t*)(uintptr_t)a2;
+    size_t count = KeCopyProcessIds(pidsOut, maxCount);
+    if (countOut) *countOut = count;
+    return STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SYS_RENAME_FILE (66)  a0=*oldPath  a1=*newPath
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static uint64_t SyscallRenameFile(uint64_t a0, uint64_t a1, uint64_t a2,
+                                   uint64_t a3, uint64_t a4, uint64_t a5) {
+    (void)a2; (void)a3; (void)a4; (void)a5;
+    const char* oldPath = (const char*)(uintptr_t)a0;
+    const char* newPath = (const char*)(uintptr_t)a1;
+    if (!oldPath || !newPath) return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    return IoRenameFile(oldPath, newPath);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SYS_CREATE_DIR (67)  a0=*path
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static uint64_t SyscallCreateDir(uint64_t a0, uint64_t a1, uint64_t a2,
+                                  uint64_t a3, uint64_t a4, uint64_t a5) {
+    (void)a1; (void)a2; (void)a3; (void)a4; (void)a5;
+    const char* path = (const char*)(uintptr_t)a0;
+    if (!path) return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    return IoCreateDir(path);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// SYS_REMOVE_DIR (68)  a0=*path
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static uint64_t SyscallRemoveDir(uint64_t a0, uint64_t a1, uint64_t a2,
+                                  uint64_t a3, uint64_t a4, uint64_t a5) {
+    (void)a1; (void)a2; (void)a3; (void)a4; (void)a5;
+    const char* path = (const char*)(uintptr_t)a0;
+    if (!path) return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    return IoRemoveDir(path);
+}
+
 // ===========================================================================
 // Dispatch table  -  index must match SYS_* in syscall_nr.h exactly.
 // ===========================================================================
@@ -1248,6 +1314,11 @@ static const SYSCALL_HANDLER gSyscallTable[SYS_MAX] = {
     /* 61 SYS_OPEN_NAMED_QUEUE       */ SyscallOpenNamedQueue,
     /* 62 SYS_QUEUE_DUPLICATE        */ SyscallQueueDuplicate,
     /* 63 SYS_NAMED_QUEUE_OWNER_PID  */ SyscallNamedQueueOwnerPid,
+    /* 64 SYS_KILL_PROCESS           */ SyscallKillProcess,
+    /* 65 SYS_GET_PROCESS_LIST       */ SyscallGetProcessList,
+    /* 66 SYS_RENAME_FILE            */ SyscallRenameFile,
+    /* 67 SYS_CREATE_DIR             */ SyscallCreateDir,
+    /* 68 SYS_REMOVE_DIR             */ SyscallRemoveDir,
 };
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

code/kernel/kmain.c

@@ -303,21 +303,6 @@ static PROCESS* LaunchUserProcess(const char* filePath, const char* args) {
     // Caller owns the reference returned by KeCreateProcess.
     return proc;
 }
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Kernel thread: wait for a process to exit, then log a message and shut down.
-// Takes ownership of the PROCESS* reference passed as arg; releases it on exit.
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static void ProcessWatcherThread(void* arg) {
-    PROCESS* proc = (PROCESS*)arg;
-    KeWaitForEvent(proc->ExitEvent);
-    DbgPrint("ProcessWatcherThread: Process \"%s\" (PID %u) exited with code %d.\n",
-             proc->Name, proc->ProcessId, proc->ExitCode);
-    ObDereferenceObject(&proc->Header);
-
-    DbgPrint("ProcessWatcherThread: Shutting down.\n");
-    gKmainHal->Power.Shutdown();  // does not return
-}
-
 static void PrintProcessList() {
     LIST_ENTRY* listHead = KeGetProcessList();
     LIST_ENTRY* current;
@@ -354,20 +339,29 @@ void SystemInitThread(void* arg) {
     DbgPrint("  -> Kernel Pool:  %.2f MB\n", (float)MmGetKernelPoolUsage() / (1024.0f * 1024.0f));
     DbgPrint("  -> User Heap:    %.2f MB\n", (float)MmGetUserHeapUsage() / (1024.0f * 1024.0f));
 
-    // Launch User-Mode Shell (this will trigger AHCI & FAT32 which CAN safely block now)
-    PROCESS* shellProc = LaunchUserProcess("system/init.exe", args->bootInfo->CommandLine);
-
-    if (shellProc) {
-        KSTATUS ws = KeCreateKernelThread((uintptr_t)ProcessWatcherThread,
-                                          (uintptr_t)shellProc,
-                                          PriorityNormal, (THREAD**)0);
-        if (!KSUCCESS(ws)) {
-            DbgPrint("SystemInitThread: Failed to create watcher thread (%d) -- leaking proc ref.\n", ws);
+    // Launch User-Mode init.exe and restart it until it exits cleanly.
+    while (true) {
+        PROCESS* shellProc = LaunchUserProcess("system/init.exe", args->bootInfo->CommandLine);
+        if (!shellProc) {
+            DbgPrint("SystemInitThread: Failed to start system/init.exe; retrying.\n");
+            KeYield();
+            continue;
         }
+
+        KeWaitForEvent(shellProc->ExitEvent);
+        int exitCode = shellProc->ExitCode;
+        DbgPrint("SystemInitThread: init.exe exited with code %d.\n", exitCode);
+        ObDereferenceObject(&shellProc->Header);
+
+        if (exitCode == 0) break;
+        DbgPrint("SystemInitThread: Restarting init.exe.\n");
     }
 
+    DbgPrint("SystemInitThread: init.exe completed successfully; shutting down.\n");
+    gKmainHal->Power.Shutdown();
     MmFreePool(args);
 }
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Main Kernel Entry
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

code/kernel/syscall_nr.h

@@ -162,4 +162,17 @@
 #define SYS_QUEUE_DUPLICATE       62  // (uint32_t handle, uint32_t targetPid, uint32_t* handleOut) -> KSTATUS
 #define SYS_NAMED_QUEUE_OWNER_PID 63  // (const char* name, uint32_t* pidOut) -> KSTATUS
 
-#define SYS_MAX                   64
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Process utilities
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#define SYS_KILL_PROCESS          64  // (uint32_t pid, int exitCode) -> KSTATUS
+#define SYS_GET_PROCESS_LIST      65  // (uint32_t* pidsOut, size_t maxCount, size_t* countOut) -> KSTATUS
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Filesystem mutations
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#define SYS_RENAME_FILE           66  // (const char* oldPath, const char* newPath) -> KSTATUS
+#define SYS_CREATE_DIR            67  // (const char* path) -> KSTATUS
+#define SYS_REMOVE_DIR            68  // (const char* path) -> KSTATUS
+
+#define SYS_MAX                   69

code/shell_native/shell_native.c

@@ -5,67 +5,37 @@
 #include <syscall.h>
 #include <io_file.h>
 
+#define MAX_CMD 256
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Output helpers
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static void print(const char* s) {
-    SysWriteConsole(s, strlen(s));
-}
+static void print(const char* s) { SysWriteConsole(s, strlen(s)); }
 
 static void printUInt(uint32_t n) {
-    char buf[12];
-    int i = 0;
+    char buf[12]; int i = 0;
     if (n == 0) { print("0"); return; }
     while (n > 0) { buf[i++] = (char)('0' + n % 10); n /= 10; }
-    char rev[12];
-    int j = 0;
-    while (i > 0) rev[j++] = buf[--i];
-    rev[j] = '\0';
-    print(rev);
+    while (i > 0) { char c[2] = { buf[--i], '\0' }; print(c); }
 }
 
 static void printInt(int32_t n) {
-    if (n < 0) {
-        print("-");
-        printUInt((uint32_t)-(n + 1) + 1);
-    } else {
-        printUInt((uint32_t)n);
-    }
+    if (n < 0) { print("-"); printUInt((uint32_t)-(n + 1) + 1); }
+    else { printUInt((uint32_t)n); }
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Line editor
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-#define MAX_CMD 256
-
 static void readLine(char* buf, int len) {
     int pos = 0;
     while (true) {
         char c = SysKbReadChar();
-        if (!c) {
-            SysYield();
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (c == '\r' || c == '\n') {
-            print("\n");
-            break;
-        }
-
-        if ((c == '\b' || c == 127) && pos > 0) {
-            pos--;
-            print("\b \b");
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (c < 0x20 || c == 127)
-            continue;
-
-        if (pos < len - 1) {
-            buf[pos++] = c;
-            char echo[2] = { c, '\0' };
-            print(echo);
-        }
+        if (!c) { SysYield(); continue; }
+        if (c == '\r' || c == '\n') { print("\n"); break; }
+        if ((c == '\b' || c == 127) && pos > 0) { pos--; print("\b \b"); continue; }
+        if (c < 0x20 || c == 127) continue;
+        if (pos < len - 1) { buf[pos++] = c; char echo[2] = {c, '\0'}; print(echo); }
     }
     buf[pos] = '\0';
 }
@@ -83,87 +53,74 @@ static char* trim(char* s) {
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static void cmd_help() {
     print("Available commands:\n"
-    "  help              - Show this list\n"
-    "  dir               - List files\n"
-    "  cd <path>         - Change directory\n"
-    "  type <file>       - Display file contents\n"
-    "  del <file>        - Delete a file\n"
-    "  write <file> <tx> - Create a file with text\n"
-    "  exit              - Close the shell\n");
+          "  help              - Show this list\n"
+          "  dir [path]        - List directory contents\n"
+          "  cd <path>         - Change directory\n"
+          "  type <file>       - Display file contents\n"
+          "  del <file>        - Delete a file\n"
+          "  write <file> <tx> - Create a file with text\n"
+          "  clear             - Clear the screen\n"
+          "  exit              - Close the shell\n");
 }
 
 static void cmd_write(const char* args) {
-    char filename[MAX_CMD];
-    int i = 0;
+    char filename[MAX_CMD]; int i = 0;
     while (args[i] != ' ' && args[i] != '\0' && i < MAX_CMD - 1) {
-        filename[i] = args[i];
-        i++;
+        filename[i] = args[i]; i++;
     }
     filename[i] = '\0';
-
-    if (args[i] == '\0' || args[i+1] == '\0') {
-        print("write: usage: write <filename> <text>\n");
-        return;
-    }
-
+    if (args[i] == '\0' || args[i+1] == '\0') { print("write: usage: write <filename> <text>\n"); return; }
     uint32_t hFile;
-    if (SysCreateFile(filename, &hFile) != 0) {
-        print("write: could not create file\n");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const char* text = args + i + 1;
+    if (SysCreateFile(filename, &hFile) != 0) { print("write: could not create file\n"); return; }
     size_t written;
-    SysWriteFile(hFile, text, strlen(text), &written);
+    SysWriteFile(hFile, args + i + 1, strlen(args + i + 1), &written);
     SysCloseHandle(hFile);
     print("File written successfully.\n");
 }
 
 static void cmd_dir(const char* path) {
     uint32_t hDir;
+    const char* target = (path && *path != '\0') ? path : ".";
     
-    // Validate input
-    if (path == NULL || path[0] == '\0') {
-        path = "."; // Default to current directory if empty
+    if (SysOpenDir(target, &hDir) != 0) { 
+        print("dir: failed to open directory\n"); 
+        return; 
     }
 
-    // SysOpenDir (Syscall 54) handles the const char* path directly
-    if (SysOpenDir(path, &hDir) != 0) {
-        SysDebugPrint("dir: failed to open directory\n");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // Assuming KDIR_ENTRY is your structure for directory entries
     KDIR_ENTRY ke;
-
-    // SysReadDir (Syscall 55) populates the buffer with entry data
-    // It typically returns 0 on success and non-zero (or error) when done
     while (SysReadDir(hDir, &ke) == 0) {
-        // We assume ke.Name is a null-terminated string within the struct
+        // Skip hidden/system markers if desired (e.g., those starting with .)
+        if (ke.Name[0] == '.') continue;
+
+        // Corrected Attribute Check: 0x10 is the Directory bit in FAT
+        if (ke.Attr & 0x10) {
+            print("<DIR> ");
+        } else {
+            print("      ");
+        }
+
         print(ke.Name);
+        
+        // Optional: print file size for non-directories
+        if (!(ke.Attr & 0x10)) {
+            print(" (");
+            printUInt(ke.FileSize);
+            print(" bytes)");
+        }
+
         print("\n");
     }
-
-    // Always close the handle (Syscall 26) to prevent leaks
     SysCloseHandle(hDir);
 }
 
 static void cmd_type(const char* filename) {
     uint32_t hFile;
-    if (SysOpenFile(filename, &hFile) != 0) {
-        print("type: error opening file\n");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    char buffer[512];
-    size_t bytesRead;
+    if (SysOpenFile(filename, &hFile) != 0) { print("type: cannot open file\n"); return; }
+    char buffer[512]; size_t bytesRead;
     while (SysReadFile(hFile, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1, &bytesRead) == 0 && bytesRead > 0) {
-        buffer[bytesRead] = '\0';
-        print(buffer);
+        buffer[bytesRead] = '\0'; print(buffer);
     }
-    
-    SysCloseHandle(hFile);
-    print("\n");
+    SysCloseHandle(hFile); print("\n");
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -171,76 +128,34 @@ static void cmd_type(const char* filename) {
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static int runCommand(const char* cmd) {
     if (!cmd || *cmd == '\0') return 0;
-
     if (strcmp(cmd, "exit") == 0) return 1;
     if (strcmp(cmd, "help") == 0) { cmd_help(); return 0; }
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "clear") == 0) { SysScreenClear(0); return 0; }
     if (strcmp(cmd, "crash") == 0) { *(int*)0 = 42; return 0; }
-    if (strcmp(cmd, "dir") == 0) { 
-        cmd_dir("."); 
-        return 0; 
-    }
-    if (strncmp(cmd, "dir ", 4) == 0) {
-        cmd_dir(cmd + 4);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    
-    if (strcmp(cmd, "clear") == 0) {
-        SysScreenClear(0x00000000); 
-        return 0;
-    }
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "dir") == 0) { cmd_dir("."); return 0; }
+    if (strncmp(cmd, "dir ", 4) == 0) { cmd_dir(cmd + 4); return 0; }
+    if (strncmp(cmd, "cd ", 3) == 0) { SysSetCwd(cmd + 3); return 0; }
+    if (strncmp(cmd, "del ", 4) == 0) { SysDeleteFile(cmd + 4); return 0; }
+    if (strncmp(cmd, "type ", 5) == 0) { cmd_type(cmd + 5); return 0; }
+    if (strncmp(cmd, "write ", 6) == 0) { cmd_write(cmd + 6); return 0; }
 
-    if (strncmp(cmd, "cd ", 3) == 0) {
-        SysSetCwd(cmd + 3);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (strncmp(cmd, "del ", 4) == 0) {
-        SysDeleteFile(cmd + 4);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (strncmp(cmd, "type ", 5) == 0) {
-        cmd_type(cmd + 5);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (strncmp(cmd, "write ", 6) == 0) {
-        cmd_write(cmd + 6);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    // --- External Process Execution ---
     uint32_t hProc;
     if (SysCreateProcess(cmd, &hProc, cmd) == 0) {
         SysWaitForProcess(hProc);
-        int exitCode = 0;
-        SysGetProcessExitCode(hProc, &exitCode);
         SysCloseHandle(hProc);
-        while (SysKbPoll()) {
-            (void)SysKbReadChar();
-        }
-    } else {
-        print("shell: launch failed\n");
-    }
-
+        while (SysKbPoll()) (void)SysKbReadChar();
+    } else { print("shell: launch failed\n"); }
     return 0;
 }
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Entry point
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     char lineBuf[MAX_CMD];
-
     print("shell: ready\n");
-
     while (true) {
         print("> ");
         readLine(lineBuf, MAX_CMD);
-        if (runCommand(trim(lineBuf)))
-            break;
+        if (runCommand(trim(lineBuf))) break;
     }
-
     print("shell: goodbye\n");
     SysExitProcess(0);
     return 0;

code/shell_posix/shell_posix.c

@@ -3,18 +3,11 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#define MAX_CMD 256
 #define NAME_MAX 259
 
-typedef struct dirent {
-    char d_name[NAME_MAX + 1];
-    unsigned char d_type;    // DT_REG or DT_DIR
-} dirent;
-
-typedef struct DIR {
-    uint32_t KHandle;        // kernel DIR_OBJECT handle
-    dirent   Current;
-    bool     Valid;
-} DIR;
+typedef struct dirent { char d_name[NAME_MAX + 1]; unsigned char d_type; } dirent;
+typedef struct DIR { uint32_t KHandle; dirent Current; bool Valid; } DIR;
 
 extern int read(int fd, void *buf, size_t count);
 extern int write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
@@ -25,36 +18,21 @@ extern DIR* opendir(const char* path);
 extern dirent* readdir(DIR* d);
 extern int closedir(DIR* d);
 extern int unlink(const char *pathname);
-extern int posix_spawn(int *pid, const char *path, const void *file_act, const void *attr, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]);
+extern int posix_spawn(int *pid, const char *path, const void *act, const void *attr, char *const argv[], char *const envp[]);
 extern int waitpid(int pid, int *status, int options);
 extern void exit(int status);
-
+extern int ClearConsoleScreenBuffer(void* h);
 extern void PosixFdInit(void);
-extern int ClearConsoleScreenBuffer(void* hConsole);
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Global handles
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static int hIn = 0;  // stdin
-static int hOut = 1; // stdout
+static int hIn = 0; static int hOut = 1;
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Output helpers
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-static void print(const char* s) {
-    write(hOut, s, strlen(s));
-}
+static void print(const char* s) { write(hOut, s, strlen(s)); }
 
 static void printUInt(uint32_t n) {
-    char buf[12];
-    int i = 0;
+    char buf[12]; int i = 0;
     if (n == 0) { print("0"); return; }
     while (n > 0) { buf[i++] = (char)('0' + n % 10); n /= 10; }
-    char rev[12];
-    int j = 0;
-    while (i > 0) rev[j++] = buf[--i];
-    rev[j] = '\0';
-    print(rev);
+    while (i > 0) { char c[2] = { buf[--i], '\0' }; print(c); }
 }
 
 static void printInt(int32_t n) {
@@ -62,28 +40,14 @@ static void printInt(int32_t n) {
     printUInt((uint32_t)n);
 }
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Line editor
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-#define MAX_CMD 256
-
 static void readLine(char* buf, int len) {
     int pos = 0;
     while (true) {
-        char c;
-        if (read(hIn, &c, 1) <= 0) break;
+        char c; if (read(hIn, &c, 1) <= 0) break;
         if (c == '\r' || c == '\n') { print("\n"); break; }
-        if ((c == '\b' || c == 127) && pos > 0) {
-            pos--;
-            print("\b \b");
-            continue;
-        }
+        if ((c == '\b' || c == 127) && pos > 0) { pos--; print("\b \b"); continue; }
         if (c < 0x20 || c == 127) continue;
-        if (pos < len - 1) {
-            buf[pos++] = c;
-            char echo[2] = { c, '\0' };
-            print(echo);
-        }
+        if (pos < len - 1) { buf[pos++] = c; char echo[2] = {c, '\0'}; print(echo); }
     }
     buf[pos] = '\0';
 }
@@ -96,136 +60,82 @@ static char* trim(char* s) {
     return s;
 }
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Built-in commands
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static void cmd_help() {
     print("Available commands:\n"
-    "  help               - Show this list\n"
-    "  dir [path]         - List directory contents\n"
-    "  cd <path>          - Change directory\n"
-    "  type <file>        - Display file contents\n"
-    "  del <file>         - Delete a file\n"
-    "  write <file> <txt> - Create a file with text\n"
-    "  exit               - Close the shell\n");
+          "  help               - Show this list\n"
+          "  dir [path]         - List directory contents\n"
+          "  cd <path>          - Change directory\n"
+          "  type <file>        - Display file contents\n"
+          "  del <file>         - Delete a file\n"
+          "  write <file> <txt> - Create a file with text\n"
+          "  clear              - Clear the screen\n"
+          "  exit               - Close the shell\n");
 }
 
 static void cmd_write(const char* args) {
-    char filename[MAX_CMD];
-    int i = 0;
+    char filename[MAX_CMD]; int i = 0;
     while (args[i] != ' ' && args[i] != '\0' && i < MAX_CMD - 1) {
-        filename[i] = args[i];
-        i++;
+        filename[i] = args[i]; i++;
     }
     filename[i] = '\0';
-    if (args[i] == '\0' || args[i+1] == '\0') return;
-
-    // Open with O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC (typical flags: 0x0001 | 0x0040 | 0x0200)
-    int fd = open(filename, 0x0241, 0644); 
-    if (fd < 0) return;
+    if (args[i] == '\0' || args[i+1] == '\0') { print("write: usage: write <filename> <text>\n"); return; }
+    int fd = open(filename, 0x0241, 0644); // O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC
+    if (fd < 0) { print("write: could not create file\n"); return; }
     write(fd, args + i + 1, strlen(args + i + 1));
     close(fd);
+    print("File written successfully.\n");
 }
 
 static void cmd_dir(const char* path) {
-    // If no path is provided, default to current directory
     const char* target = (path && *path != '\0') ? path : ".";
-    
     DIR* d = opendir(target);
-    if (!d) {
-        print("dir: cannot access '");
-        print(target);
-        print("'\n");
-        return;
-    }
-
+    if (!d) { print("dir: cannot access directory\n"); return; }
     dirent* entry;
     while ((entry = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
-        // Filter out the current and parent directory markers
-        if (strcmp(entry->d_name, ".") == 0 || strcmp(entry->d_name, "..") == 0) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // Display type (Assuming 1=DIR, 2=REG based on common custom POSIX layouts)
-        if (entry->d_type == 1) {
-            print("<DIR> ");
-        } else {
-            print("      ");
-        }
-
-        print(entry->d_name);
-        print("\n");
+        if (entry->d_name[0] == '.') continue;
+        print(entry->d_type == 1 ? "<DIR> " : "      ");
+        print(entry->d_name); print("\n");
     }
-
     closedir(d);
 }
 
 static void cmd_type(const char* filename) {
     int fd = open(filename, 0); // O_RDONLY
-    if (fd < 0) return;
-    char buffer[512];
-    int n;
-    while ((n = read(fd, buffer, 511)) > 0) {
-        buffer[n] = '\0';
-        print(buffer);
-    }
-    close(fd);
-    print("\n");
+    if (fd < 0) { print("type: cannot open file\n"); return; }
+    char buffer[512]; int n;
+    while ((n = read(fd, buffer, 511)) > 0) { buffer[n] = '\0'; print(buffer); }
+    close(fd); print("\n");
 }
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Run one command.
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static int runCommand(const char* cmd) {
     if (!cmd || *cmd == '\0') return 0;
-
     if (strcmp(cmd, "exit") == 0) return 1;
     if (strcmp(cmd, "help") == 0) { cmd_help(); return 0; }
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "clear") == 0) { ClearConsoleScreenBuffer(0); return 0; }
     if (strcmp(cmd, "crash") == 0) { *(int*)0 = 42; return 0; }
-
-    if (strcmp(cmd, "dir") == 0) { 
-        cmd_dir("."); 
-        return 0; 
-    }
-    if (strncmp(cmd, "dir ", 4) == 0) {
-        cmd_dir(cmd + 4);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    
-    if (strcmp(cmd, "clear") == 0) {
-        ClearConsoleScreenBuffer(0);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "dir") == 0) { cmd_dir("."); return 0; }
+    if (strncmp(cmd, "dir ", 4) == 0) { cmd_dir(cmd + 4); return 0; }
     if (strncmp(cmd, "cd ", 3) == 0) { chdir(cmd + 3); return 0; }
     if (strncmp(cmd, "del ", 4) == 0) { unlink(cmd + 4); return 0; }
     if (strncmp(cmd, "type ", 5) == 0) { cmd_type(cmd + 5); return 0; }
     if (strncmp(cmd, "write ", 6) == 0) { cmd_write(cmd + 6); return 0; }
 
-    // --- External Process Execution (No Fork) ---
-    int pid;
-    char *argv[] = {(char*)cmd, NULL};
+    int pid; char *argv[] = {(char*)cmd, NULL};
     if (posix_spawn(&pid, cmd, NULL, NULL, argv, NULL) == 0) {
-        int status;
-        waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
-    } else {
-        print("shell: error launching\n");
-    }
+        int status; waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
+    } else { print("shell: launch failed\n"); }
     return 0;
 }
 
-int main(const char* args) {
+int main() {
     PosixFdInit();
     char lineBuf[MAX_CMD];
     print("shell: ready\n");
-
     while (true) {
         print("> ");
         readLine(lineBuf, MAX_CMD);
         if (runCommand(trim(lineBuf))) break;
     }
-
     print("shell: goodbye\n");
-
     exit(0);
 }

code/shell_win32/shell_win32.c

@@ -4,85 +4,42 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-// !Made-up! clear console api.
-BOOL ClearConsoleScreenBuffer(HANDLE hConsole);
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Global handles
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#define MAX_CMD 256
 static HANDLE hIn = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
 static HANDLE hOut = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Output helpers
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// External/Custom API
+BOOL ClearConsoleScreenBuffer(HANDLE hConsole);
+
+// --- Output Helpers ---
 static void print(const char* s) {
     DWORD written;
-    // Write to the actual console window
-    if (hOut != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-        WriteConsoleA(hOut, s, (DWORD)strlen(s), &written, 0);
-    } else {
-        OutputDebugStringA(s);
-    }
+    if (hOut != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) WriteConsoleA(hOut, s, (DWORD)strlen(s), &written, 0);
+    else OutputDebugStringA(s);
 }
 
 static void printUInt(uint32_t n) {
-    char buf[12];
-    int i = 0;
+    char buf[12]; int i = 0;
     if (n == 0) { print("0"); return; }
     while (n > 0) { buf[i++] = (char)('0' + n % 10); n /= 10; }
-    char rev[12];
-    int j = 0;
-    while (i > 0) rev[j++] = buf[--i];
-    rev[j] = '\0';
-    print(rev);
+    while (i > 0) { char c[2] = { buf[--i], '\0' }; print(c); }
 }
 
 static void printInt(int32_t n) {
-    char buf[12];
-    int i = 0;
-    uint32_t val = (n < 0) ? (print("-"), (uint32_t)-(n + 1) + 1) : (uint32_t)n;
-
-    if (val == 0) { print("0"); return; }
-
-    while (val > 0) {
-        buf[i++] = (char)('0' + (val % 10));
-        val /= 10;
-    }
-
-    while (i > 0) {
-        char c[2] = { buf[--i], '\0' };
-        print(c); // Assumes print() handles strings
-    }
+    if (n < 0) { print("-"); n = -n; }
+    printUInt((uint32_t)n);
 }
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Line editor
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-#define MAX_CMD 256
-
+// --- Line Editor ---
 static void readLine(char* buf, int len) {
     int pos = 0;
     while (true) {
-        char c;
-        DWORD nRead;
+        char c; DWORD nRead;
         ReadConsoleA(hIn, &c, 1, &nRead, 0);
         if (!nRead) continue;
-
-        if (c == '\r' || c == '\n') {
-            print("\n");
-            break;
-        }
-
-        if ((c == '\b' || c == 127) && pos > 0) {
-            pos--;
-            print("\b \b");
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (c < 0x20 || c == 127)
-            continue;
-
+        if (c == '\r' || c == '\n') { print("\n"); break; }
+        if ((c == '\b' || c == 127) && pos > 0) { pos--; print("\b \b"); continue; }
+        if (c < 0x20 || c == 127) continue;
         if (pos < len - 1) {
             buf[pos++] = c;
             char echo[2] = { c, '\0' };
@@ -100,253 +57,101 @@ static char* trim(char* s) {
     return s;
 }
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Built-in commands
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// --- Built-in Commands ---
 static void cmd_help() {
     print("Available commands:\n"
-    "  help              - Show this list\n"
-    "  dir               - List files in current directory\n"
-    "  cd <path>         - Change directory\n"
-    "  type <file>       - Display file contents\n"
-    "  del <file>        - Delete a file\n"
-    "  write <file> <tx> - Create a file with text\n"
-    "  exit              - Close the shell\n");
+          "  help              - Show this list\n"
+          "  dir [path]        - List directory contents\n"
+          "  cd <path>         - Change directory\n"
+          "  type <file>       - Display file contents\n"
+          "  del <file>        - Delete a file\n"
+          "  write <file> <tx> - Create a file with text\n"
+          "  clear             - Clear the screen\n"
+          "  exit              - Close the shell\n");
 }
 
 static void cmd_write(const char* args) {
-    char filename[MAX_PATH];
-    int i = 0;
-
-    // Parse filename (up to first space)
+    char filename[MAX_PATH]; int i = 0;
     while (args[i] != ' ' && args[i] != '\0' && i < MAX_PATH - 1) {
-        filename[i] = args[i];
-        i++;
+        filename[i] = args[i]; i++;
     }
     filename[i] = '\0';
-
     if (args[i] == '\0' || args[i+1] == '\0') {
         print("write: usage: write <filename> <text>\n");
         return;
     }
-
-    const char* text = args + i + 1; // Content starts after the space
-
     HANDLE hFile = CreateFileA(filename, GENERIC_WRITE, 0, 0, CREATE_ALWAYS, 0, 0);
-    if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-        print("write: could not create file\n");
-        return;
-    }
-
+    if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { print("write: could not create file\n"); return; }
     DWORD written;
-    if (!WriteFile(hFile, text, (DWORD)strlen(text), &written, 0)) {
-        print("write: error writing to file\n");
-    } else {
-        print("File written successfully.\n");
-    }
-
+    WriteFile(hFile, args + i + 1, (DWORD)strlen(args + i + 1), &written, 0);
     CloseHandle(hFile);
+    print("File written successfully.\n");
 }
 
 static void cmd_dir(const char* path) {
     WIN32_FIND_DATAA fd;
     char search_path[MAX_PATH];
+    const char* target = (path && *path != '\0') ? path : ".";
     
-    size_t path_len = 0;
-    while (path[path_len] != '\0' && path_len < MAX_PATH) {
-        path_len++;
-    }
-
-    // Ensure we have room for the path + "\*" + null terminator
-    if (path_len + 3 > MAX_PATH) {
-        print("dir: path too long\n");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // Manual concatenation
-    memcpy(search_path, path, path_len);
-    
-    // Append the wildcard pattern
-    search_path[path_len] = '\\';
-    search_path[path_len + 1] = '*';
-    search_path[path_len + 2] = '\0';
+    size_t len = strlen(target);
+    if (len + 3 > MAX_PATH) { print("dir: path too long\n"); return; }
+    strcpy(search_path, target);
+    strcat(search_path, "\\*");
 
     HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFileA(search_path, &fd);
-    
-    if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-        if (GetLastError() == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) {
-            return; 
-        }
-        print("dir: failed to read directory\n");
-        return;
-    }
-
+    if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { print("dir: failed to read directory\n"); return; }
     do {
-        // Skip the "." and ".." entries to keep output clean
-        if (path_len > 0 && fd.cFileName[0] == '.') {
-            if (fd.cFileName[1] == '\0' || (fd.cFileName[1] == '.' && fd.cFileName[2] == '\0')) {
-                continue;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (fd.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
-            print("<DIR> ");
-        } else {
-            print("      ");
-        }
-        print(fd.cFileName);
-        print("\n");
+        if (fd.cFileName[0] == '.') continue; // Skip . and ..
+        print(fd.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY ? "<DIR> " : "      ");
+        print(fd.cFileName); print("\n");
     } while (FindNextFileA(hFind, &fd));
-    
     FindClose(hFind);
 }
 
 static void cmd_type(const char* filename) {
     HANDLE hFile = CreateFileA(filename, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, 0, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0);
-    if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
-        print("type: could not open '");
-        print(filename);
-        print("'\n");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    char buffer[512];
-    DWORD bytesRead;
+    if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) { print("type: cannot open file\n"); return; }
+    char buffer[512]; DWORD bytesRead;
     while (ReadFile(hFile, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1, &bytesRead, 0) && bytesRead > 0) {
-        buffer[bytesRead] = '\0';
-        print(buffer);
+        buffer[bytesRead] = '\0'; print(buffer);
     }
-    
-    CloseHandle(hFile);
-    print("\n");
+    CloseHandle(hFile); print("\n");
 }
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Run one command. Returns 1 if the shell should exit.
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 static int runCommand(const char* cmd) {
-    if (!cmd || *cmd == '\0')
-        return 0;
+    if (!cmd || *cmd == '\0') return 0;
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "exit") == 0) return 1;
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "help") == 0) { cmd_help(); return 0; }
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "clear") == 0) { ClearConsoleScreenBuffer(hOut); return 0; }
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "crash") == 0) { *(int*)0 = 42; return 0; }
+    if (strcmp(cmd, "dir") == 0) { cmd_dir("."); return 0; }
+    if (strncmp(cmd, "dir ", 4) == 0) { cmd_dir(cmd + 4); return 0; }
+    if (strncmp(cmd, "cd ", 3) == 0) { SetCurrentDirectoryA(cmd + 3); return 0; }
+    if (strncmp(cmd, "del ", 4) == 0) { DeleteFileA(cmd + 4); return 0; }
+    if (strncmp(cmd, "type ", 5) == 0) { cmd_type(cmd + 5); return 0; }
+    if (strncmp(cmd, "write ", 6) == 0) { cmd_write(cmd + 6); return 0; }
 
-    // --- Built-in commands ---
-    if (strcmp(cmd, "exit") == 0) {
-        return 1;
+    STARTUPINFOA si = { sizeof(si) }; PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
+    char cmdBuf[MAX_CMD]; strncpy(cmdBuf, cmd, MAX_CMD-1);
+    if (CreateProcessA(NULL, cmdBuf, NULL, NULL, FALSE, 0, NULL, NULL, &si, &pi)) {
+        WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, INFINITE);
+        CloseHandle(pi.hProcess); CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
+    } else {
+        print("shell: launch failed\n");
     }
-
-    if (strcmp(cmd, "help") == 0) {
-        cmd_help();
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (strcmp(cmd, "crash") == 0) {
-        *(int*)0 = 42;
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (strcmp(cmd, "clear") == 0) {
-        ClearConsoleScreenBuffer(hOut);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (strcmp(cmd, "dir") == 0) { 
-        cmd_dir("."); 
-        return 0; 
-    }
-    if (strncmp(cmd, "dir ", 4) == 0) {
-        cmd_dir(cmd + 4);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (strncmp(cmd, "cd ", 3) == 0) {
-        const char* path = cmd + 3;
-        if (!SetCurrentDirectoryA(path)) {
-            print("cd: failed to change directory to '");
-            print(path);
-            print("'\n");
-        }
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (strncmp(cmd, "del ", 4) == 0) {
-        const char* file = cmd + 4;
-        if (!DeleteFileA(file)) {
-            print("del: failed to delete '");
-            print(file);
-            print("'\n");
-        }
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (strncmp(cmd, "type ", 5) == 0) {
-        cmd_type(cmd + 5);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (strncmp(cmd, "write ", 6) == 0) {
-        cmd_write(cmd + 6);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    // --- External Process Execution ---
-    STARTUPINFOA si;
-    PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
-    unsigned char* p = (unsigned char*)&si;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(si); i++) p[i] = 0;
-    si.cb = (DWORD)sizeof(si);
-
-    // CreateProcessA requires a mutable buffer for the command line argument
-    char cmdBuf[MAX_CMD];
-    strncpy(cmdBuf, cmd, MAX_CMD - 1);
-    cmdBuf[MAX_CMD - 1] = '\0';
-
-    if (!CreateProcessA(0, cmdBuf, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, &si, &pi)) {
-        print("shell: could not launch '");
-        print(cmd);
-        print("', error code: ");
-        printUInt(GetLastError());
-        print("\n");
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, INFINITE);
-
-    FlushConsoleInputBuffer(hOut);
-
-    DWORD exitCode = 0;
-    GetExitCodeProcess(pi.hProcess, &exitCode);
-    CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
-    CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
-
-    if (exitCode != 0) {
-        print("shell: '");
-        print(cmd);
-        print("' exited with code ");
-        printInt(exitCode);
-        print("\n");
-    }
-
     return 0;
 }
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Entry point
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-int main(const char* cmdline) {
+int main() {
     hIn = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
     hOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
     char lineBuf[MAX_CMD];
-
     print("shell: ready\n");
-    print(cmdline);
-    print("\n");
-
     while (true) {
         print("> ");
         readLine(lineBuf, MAX_CMD);
-        if (runCommand(trim(lineBuf)))
-            break;
+        if (runCommand(trim(lineBuf))) break;
     }
-
     print("shell: goodbye\n");
     ExitProcess(0);
 }

code/syscall/syscall.h

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ uint64_t SysMouseRead(int* dx, int* dy, uint8_t* buttons);                 // 46
 void     SysMouseGetPos(int* x, int* y);                                   // 47
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// System Info & Process Management (48-53)
+// System Info & Process Management (48-65)
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 uint64_t SysGetTick(void);                                                 // 48
 uint32_t SysDebugPrint(const char* str);                                   // 49
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ uint32_t SysSetCwd(const char* path);                                      // 56
 uint32_t SysGetCwd(char* buf, size_t size);                                // 57
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Process/Thread Helpers & Named Queues (58-63)
+// Process/Thread Helpers & Named Queues (58-65)
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 uint32_t SysWaitThread(uint32_t tid);                                      // 58
 uint32_t SysGetProcessPid(uint32_t handle, uint32_t* pidOut);              // 59
@@ -108,3 +108,12 @@ uint32_t SysPublishQueue(const char* name, uint32_t handle);               // 60
 uint32_t SysOpenNamedQueue(const char* name, uint32_t* handleOut);         // 61
 uint32_t SysQueueDuplicate(uint32_t handle, uint32_t targetPid, uint32_t* handleOut); // 62
 uint32_t SysNamedQueueOwnerPid(const char* name, uint32_t* pidOut);        // 63
+uint32_t SysKillProcess(uint32_t pid, int exitCode);                       // 64
+uint32_t SysGetProcessList(uint32_t* pidsOut, size_t maxCount, size_t* countOut); // 65
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Filesystem mutations (66-68)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+uint32_t SysRenameFile(const char* oldPath, const char* newPath);          // 66
+uint32_t SysCreateDir(const char* path);                                   // 67
+uint32_t SysRemoveDir(const char* path);                                   // 68

code/syscall/syscall_nr.inc

@@ -64,5 +64,10 @@ SYS_PUBLISH_QUEUE          EQU 60
 SYS_OPEN_NAMED_QUEUE       EQU 61
 SYS_QUEUE_DUPLICATE        EQU 62
 SYS_NAMED_QUEUE_OWNER_PID  EQU 63
+SYS_KILL_PROCESS           EQU 64
+SYS_GET_PROCESS_LIST       EQU 65
+SYS_RENAME_FILE            EQU 66
+SYS_CREATE_DIR             EQU 67
+SYS_REMOVE_DIR             EQU 68
 
-SYS_MAX                    EQU 64
+SYS_MAX                    EQU 69

code/syscall/syscall_stubs.asm

@@ -199,4 +199,17 @@ SYSCALL_STUB2 OpenNamedQueue,       SYS_OPEN_NAMED_QUEUE ; (const char* name, ui
 SYSCALL_STUB2 QueueDuplicate,       SYS_QUEUE_DUPLICATE  ; (uint32_t handle, uint32_t targetPid, uint32_t* handleOut) -> KSTATUS
 SYSCALL_STUB2 NamedQueueOwnerPid,   SYS_NAMED_QUEUE_OWNER_PID ; (const char* name, uint32_t* pidOut) -> KSTATUS
 
+; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+; Process utilities
+; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+SYSCALL_STUB2 KillProcess,          SYS_KILL_PROCESS      ; (uint32_t pid, int exitCode) -> KSTATUS
+SYSCALL_STUB2 GetProcessList,       SYS_GET_PROCESS_LIST  ; (uint32_t* pidsOut, size_t maxCount, size_t* countOut) -> KSTATUS
+
+; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+; Filesystem mutations
+; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+SYSCALL_STUB2 RenameFile,           SYS_RENAME_FILE       ; (const char* oldPath, const char* newPath) -> KSTATUS
+SYSCALL_STUB2 CreateDir,            SYS_CREATE_DIR        ; (const char* path) -> KSTATUS
+SYSCALL_STUB2 RemoveDir,            SYS_REMOVE_DIR        ; (const char* path) -> KSTATUS
+
 END

readme.md

@@ -4,88 +4,93 @@ Boots. Runs processes. Mimics Windows to some extent.
 
 ## what is it?
 
-A 64-bit operating system kernel written from scratch. 
-UEFI bootloader, physical and virtual memory managers, preemptive scheduler, HAL, VFS, PE loader, partial Win32 layer. 
-It boots into a shell. 
-~20k lines of C and assembly.
+NT-Lite is a 64-bit operating system kernel written from scratch. It includes a UEFI bootloader, physical and virtual memory managers, a preemptive scheduler, a HAL, a VFS, a PE loader, and partial Win32 and POSIX layers. It boots into a shell.
+
+The codebase is roughly 20k lines of C and assembly.
 
 ## features
 
 - UEFI bootloader
 - physical memory manager
 - virtual memory manager with kernel pool
-- HAL (screen, keyboard, mouse, timer, disk, PCI, APIC)
+- HAL for screen, keyboard, mouse, timer, disk, PCI, and APIC
 - preemptive scheduler with priority levels
 - processes and threads
 - VFS with IRPs
-- drive-letter paths (`0:\apps\shell.exe`)
+- drive-letter paths such as `0:\apps\shell.exe`
 - INI-based boot and driver configuration
 - PE import resolution and dynamic driver loading
-- Win32 personality (partial)
-- POSIX personality (partial)
+- partial Win32 personality
+- partial POSIX personality
 
-## how 2 build
+## architecture notes
 
-* open vs x64 build tools as admin
-* cd into this directory
-* `mkimage.bat`
-* `build.bat`
-* `run.bat`(ide)/`rund.bat`(ide, debug)/`runa.bat`(ahci)/`runad.bat`(ahci, debug)
-* enjoy
+### memory layout
 
-## how it looks when built
+NT-Lite uses a single virtual address space per booted system rather than a fully separate kernel address space and user address space. The distinction between kernel and user mode comes from page permissions and CPU privilege checks, not from having a different page table for the kernel.
 
-I have some strong opinions on OS design.
+The kernel is mapped into the higher half of virtual memory and user processes only receive the regions they are explicitly granted. Kernel pages are marked supervisor-only, so user-mode code cannot read or write them directly. User pages are mapped with user permissions and are isolated from one another by the kernel’s allocator, VMM, and process creation path.
 
-```
-efi/boot/
-  bootx64.efi
-boot.ini
-hal.dll
-colonel.exe
-drivers/
-  drivers.ini
-  ide.sys
-  ahci.sys
-  fat32.sys
-syscall.dll
-win32.dll
-posix.dll
-shell.exe
-video.exe
-```
+### boot chain
 
-## driver model
+The bootloader reads configuration, loads the core images, maps the higher-half layout, and hands control to `KernelMain`. After that, the kernel takes over interrupt setup, paging, scheduler bring-up, runtime driver loading, and user process launch.
 
-drivers are PE32+ `.sys` files with an entry point preferably named DriverEntry accepting a constant pointer to HAL_API.
+### drivers
 
-drivers to be loaded have their path stored in `drivers.ini`, split into essential for boot (loaded by bootloader) and not required for boot (loaded by kernel).
+Drivers are PE32+ `.sys` files with a conventional `DriverEntry` export that accepts a pointer to `HAL_API`.
 
-a disk driver fills in a `DISK_DRIVER` vtable and calls `IoRegisterDisk(index, &driver)`. 
-a filesystem driver fills in an `IO_FILESYSTEM` vtable and calls `IoRegisterFilesystem(index, &fs, &vol)`.
+Drivers are split into two groups:
 
-currently shipping: AHCI (interrupts), IDE (PIO/DMA) and FAT32.
+- essential boot drivers, which are loaded before the kernel starts doing real work
+- runtime drivers, which are loaded later from disk once storage and the VFS are available
+
+The driver model is intentionally small. Disk drivers expose a `DISK_DRIVER` vtable and register with `IoRegisterDisk(index, &driver)`. Filesystem drivers expose an `IO_FILESYSTEM` vtable and register with `IoRegisterFilesystem(index, &fs, &vol)`.
+
+Currently shipping: AHCI (interrupts), IDE (PIO/DMA), and FAT32.
+
+### I/O and filesystems
+
+All file access flows through the VFS layer. That keeps disk access, filesystem parsing, and path translation separate instead of spreading storage logic across the rest of the kernel.
+
+Paths are not interpreted as Windows paths by default. A drive such as `0:\` is a mounted namespace, while the Win32 and POSIX personalities translate their own path styles into the same underlying VFS.
+
+### processes, threads, and syscalls
+
+User processes are launched from PE images, imports are resolved before the first thread is queued, and the syscall layer provides the boundary between user code and kernel services. `syscall.dll` is the shared entry point for the supported personalities.
+
+The scheduler is preemptive and priority-based, so threads do not depend on cooperative yielding to keep the system responsive. Process state is tracked separately from thread state, which allows a process to exit, be reaped, or be restarted by `init` without bringing down the rest of the system.
+
+### personalities
+
+The Win32 personality supports programs that expect drive letters, familiar process APIs, and a Windows-style runtime. The POSIX personality maps the same kernel primitives into a tree-shaped namespace and a different userspace contract.
 
 ## how it boots
 
-1. UEFI loads `boot.ini`, reads `drivers.ini`
-2. bootloader maps kernel, HAL, and boot drivers into the upper half
-3. direct physical window at `0xFFFF880000000000`
-4. jumps to `KernelMain`
-5. PMM, VMM, GDT, IDT, HAL, IRQs, scheduler
-6. loads runtime drivers from disk
-7. launches `shell.exe`
+1. UEFI loads `boot.ini` and reads `drivers.ini`
+2. the bootloader maps the kernel, HAL, and boot drivers into the upper half
+3. a direct physical window is mapped at `0xFFFF880000000000`
+4. control passes to `KernelMain`
+5. PMM, VMM, GDT, IDT, HAL, IRQs, and scheduler initialization run
+6. runtime drivers are loaded from disk
+7. `shell.exe` is launched
 
-## paths (because they're different)
+## how to build
 
-```
-"apps\shell.exe"     -> current working directory
-"0:\apps\shell.exe"  -> drive 0
-"2:\data\config.ini" -> drive 2
+- open the VS x64 build tools as administrator
+- change into this directory
+- run `mkimage.bat`
+- run `build.bat`
+- use one of `run.bat` (IDE), `rund.bat` (IDE, debug), `runa.bat` (AHCI), or `runad.bat` (AHCI, debug)
+
+## paths
+
+```text
+"apps\shell.exe"      -> current working directory
+"0:\apps\shell.exe"   -> drive 0
+"2:\data\config.ini"  -> drive 2
 ```
 
-Drives 0-7. A drive only works if a filesystem registered on it.  
-The Win32 personality translates drive letters to drive numbers, the POSIX personality maps drives onto a tree.
+Drives 0-7 are available. A drive only works if a filesystem is registered on it. The Win32 personality translates drive letters to drive numbers, while the POSIX personality maps drives onto a tree.
 
 ## screenshots
 
@@ -93,7 +98,7 @@ The Win32 personality translates drive letters to drive numbers, the POSIX perso
 
 <details><summary>Boot logs</summary>
 
-```
+```text
 BdsDxe: loading Boot0001 "UEFI QEMU HARDDISK QM00005 " from PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x4,0x0)/Sata(0x0,0xFFFF,0x0)
 BdsDxe: starting Boot0001 "UEFI QEMU HARDDISK QM00005 " from PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x4,0x0)/Sata(0x0,0xFFFF,0x0)
 1
@@ -204,7 +209,7 @@ W_Init: Init WADfiles.
                                 Shareware!
 ===========================================================================
 M_Init: Init miscellaneous info.
-R_Init: Init DOOM refresh daemon - [..                 ]
+R_Init: Init Doom refresh daemon - [..                 ]
 InitTextures
 InitFlats........
 InitSprites
@@ -239,7 +244,7 @@ Available commands:
   type <file>        - Display file contents
   del <file>         - Delete a file
   write <file> <txt> - Create a file with text
-  exit               - Close the shell
+  exit              - Close the shell
 > dir
       System Volume Information
       drivers
@@ -289,14 +294,23 @@ A: `doom.exe`
 Q: Is the Win32 layer real?  
 A: Real enough to load binaries that expect it. Not real enough to run Notepad.
 
-Q: Is the scheduler preemptive?  
-A: As much as it will ever be.
-
-Q: Will it corrupt my data?  
-A: It shouldn't.
+Q: Are processes isolated?  
+A: No. But IPC is free.
 
 Q: Is this finished?  
-A: Not in the slightest.
+A: No.
+
+Will it corrupt my data?
+A: It shouldn't.
+
+Q: Why is the path syntax so weird?  
+A: It makes sense to me.
+
+Q: Why are the logs so verbose?  
+A: How else do I debug it?
+
+Q: What should I read first?  
+A: This document.
 
 Q: Can I use this in production?  
 A: Don't.